Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermal condition commonly seen in adolescent population. It is caused by alterations in the pilosebaceous units of skin. Clogging of this dermal unit leads to the occurrence of lesion. Factors like increased sebum production, hyperkeratosis of the duct, altered microbial flora in the pilosebaceous unit and inflammatory mediators in the skin play a major role in the disease process of acne. Acne usually occurs during adolescence, but can also occur in the adult population aged below 50 years. Almost 85-100% of the total population are affected by disease at least once in their lifetime.

Treating acne promptly is very important because untreated acne may lead to scar formation and psychological distress. Treatment is customized to each individual based on the disease severity. After thorough assessment of the patient’s condition, a realistic treatment plan is worked out.

When patients do not respond to topical over-the-counter products, topical prescription treatments are started. Mild inflammatory acne responds well to topical antibiotics and retinoids. Topical antibiotics include clindamycin or erythromycin. Topical retinoids include adapalene, isotretinoin, tazarotene and tretinoin. If the condition does not improve after 12 weeks of topical regimen, the patient is re-evaluated and oral treatment is initiated. Oral antibiotics are also considered in the case of moderate-to-severe acne.