Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin and is often associated with other atopic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. It often precedes other atopic diseases. Atopic dermatitis can present as acute, subacute and chronic lesions. Atopic dermatitis has multifactorial etiology. Genetic, environmental and immunological factors play a vital role in the disease process. The environmental factors triggering the disease include exposure to allergens, irritants, bacteria, hard water, socioeconomic status, and living in large-sized family.

Atopic dermatitis is more prevalent in developed or industrialized countries, where it affects 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults.

Standard treatment of AD includes the following.

• Topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus ointment for inflammation management
• Topical emollients for physiological dysfunction management
• Systemic antihistamines and anti-allergic drugs for pruritis management
• Avoidance of the factors that trigger symptoms

Topical corticosteroids are potentially safe and effective for treating AD. A wide variety of them with varying levels of potency are available. Selection of appropriate agent is based on the area to be treated and the age of the affected individual. Topical tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive agent used as an alternative to topical corticosteroids. Topical emollients are used to improve dry skin. Applying moisturizers can reduce the relapse of inflammation in AD. Pruritus is common symptom in AD. This is suppressed by using antihistamines and anti-allergic drugs. These drugs can also help prevent the exacerbation of the lesions by preventing scratching.